Which document governs the rights and discipline of military personnel, including procedures for discipline?

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The Uniform Code of Military Justice is the legal rulebook that governs the rights of service members and the procedures for disciplining them. It’s a federal law enacted by Congress that applies to all branches of the armed forces, laying out what counts as an offense, the penalties that can be imposed, and the entire process from investigation to charges, trials, and appeals. It also guarantees due process rights, such as the right to counsel and a fair trial, during military investigations and courts-martial.

Other documents cover important but narrower roles. Navy Regulations govern Navy-specific matters, not the entire military justice framework. The Constitution provides the authority and general protections, but it does not detail the procedures for military discipline. The Manual of the Marine Corps offers Marine-specific guidance, not the universal rules that apply across all services.